In the world of Linux distributions, choosing the right operating system can be tricky, especially with so many options available. Ubuntu, Debian, and CentOS have been three of the most widely used Linux distros for years, each offering something unique. Let’s take a look at how the latest versions of these distros compare in 2024.
1. Ubuntu
Latest Version: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (April 2024)
Ubuntu is known for its user-friendliness and frequent updates. It’s one of the most popular Linux distributions globally, especially among desktop users and developers. Canonical, the company behind Ubuntu, focuses on delivering an OS that’s easy to install, highly polished, and reliable.
- Ease of Use: Ubuntu shines in terms of ease of use, with a clean graphical interface (GNOME) and a large software repository. Its LTS (Long Term Support) versions are perfect for users who want a stable environment.
- Release Cycle: Ubuntu follows a predictable release cycle, with new versions every six months and LTS releases every two years. The 24.04 LTS is supported for five years, providing security updates and bug fixes.
- Target Audience: Ideal for desktop users, developers, and small to mid-sized businesses. It’s also a go-to for cloud deployments, thanks to its integration with tools like Juju and MAAS.
- Software and Package Management: Ubuntu uses the APT package manager and supports both .deb packages and Snap packages. Snap has grown significantly, allowing for easier installation of newer software versions across multiple distros.
- Community and Support: One of Ubuntu’s strengths is its active community and the large amount of documentation available. Users can also opt for paid support from Canonical if needed.
2. Debian
Latest Version: Debian 12 “Bookworm” (June 2023)
Debian is often regarded as the foundation for many Linux distributions, including Ubuntu itself. It’s known for its stability, making it a favorite for servers and other mission-critical systems.
- Stability: Debian is rock solid. It prioritizes stability over having the latest and greatest software, making it an excellent choice for servers where reliability is more important than new features.
- Release Cycle: Debian doesn’t have a fixed release schedule. New versions come out when they are ready, typically every two to three years. Debian 12 was released in June 2023 and, as always, will receive long-term support.
- Target Audience: Best suited for system administrators, experienced users, and server environments. Debian’s stability makes it popular in enterprise environments, but its learning curve might be steeper for beginners.
- Software and Package Management: Like Ubuntu, Debian uses the APT package manager. However, it doesn’t use Snap, so you’ll primarily rely on .deb packages and the extensive official repository.
- Community and Support: Debian’s community is large and very involved in development. There’s plenty of documentation and community support available, but you won’t find the same level of commercial support as with Ubuntu unless you go through a third party.
3. CentOS (Stream)
Latest Version: CentOS Stream 9
CentOS used to be the go-to Linux distribution for enterprises and data centers looking for a free, community version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). However, things changed when CentOS Stream was introduced, shifting the distribution’s role from a downstream clone of RHEL to an upstream version—a rolling release.
- Rolling Release Model: CentOS Stream now follows a rolling release model, meaning it gets updates before RHEL but can be less stable as it’s essentially a preview of what’s coming in RHEL. For users looking for a rock-solid system, this has made CentOS less appealing for critical production systems.
- Target Audience: CentOS Stream is more suitable for developers and users who want to stay on the cutting edge of RHEL developments. It’s often used in testing and development environments before changes are incorporated into RHEL.
- Package Management: CentOS uses the YUM/DNF package manager, similar to RHEL, and supports RPM packages. It’s closely tied to the Red Hat ecosystem, so you get compatibility with RHEL software and tools.
- Community and Support: While the community around CentOS is still strong, the transition to CentOS Stream has led many to move to other RHEL-based distros like AlmaLinux or Rocky Linux for production use. CentOS Stream is supported by Red Hat, but not to the same level as RHEL itself.
Which One Should You Choose?
- Ubuntu: Great for those who want a modern desktop experience, easy cloud integration, or frequent updates. Perfect for developers, startups, and small businesses.
- Debian: Best for those who value stability and reliability over cutting-edge software. Ideal for servers, experienced users, and enterprises that need rock-solid performance.
- CentOS (Stream): Suitable for developers working with the Red Hat ecosystem and those who don’t mind using a rolling release system. However, it’s no longer as ideal for production systems as it once was, making alternatives like AlmaLinux or Rocky Linux worth considering.
In summary, Ubuntu remains the easiest to use and most accessible to newcomers, while Debian is for those seeking long-term reliability, and CentOS Stream fits the niche of developers working closely with the RHEL ecosystem. Each distro has its strengths, so the best choice depends on your needs!